North American leader
Washington Leads North America
Washington ranks No. 1 among 63 states and provinces, with 9.17 published BFRO reports per 100,000 residents.
01 / Key findings
Four standout results from the North American rankings and U.S. metro-area study.
North American leader
Washington ranks No. 1 among 63 states and provinces, with 9.17 published BFRO reports per 100,000 residents.
Canadian leader
Yukon places No. 8 overall. Its high per-capita reporting rate is moderated by the study's small-sample adjustment.
British Columbia
British Columbia ranks No. 9 in North America, narrowly behind Yukon in the revised index.
U.S. metro-area leader
Grants Pass leads the 161 qualifying U.S. metro areas, with 23.90 reports per 100,000 residents.
02 / Unified North American ranking
One shared ranking of all 50 U.S. states and 13 Canadian provinces and territories, using adjusted 1–100 scoring. Switch between animated bars and the full table.
63 states, provinces and territories · one North American index
| 1 | WashingtonU.S. | U.S. | 4.61% | 9.17 | 52.7% | 38.2°F |
| 2 | West VirginiaU.S. | U.S. | 3.79% | 6.12 | 79.0% | 53.1°F |
| 3 | OregonU.S. | U.S. | 3.38% | 6.13 | 48.5% | 47.4°F |
| 4 | IdahoU.S. | U.S. | 2.78% | 5.27 | 40.5% | 36.2°F |
| 5 | ArkansasU.S. | U.S. | 2.48% | 3.66 | 56.3% | 62.1°F |
| 6 | MontanaU.S. | U.S. | 2.28% | 4.80 | 27.4% | 39.4°F |
| 7 | MaineU.S. | U.S. | 2.20% | 1.77 | 89.5% | 41.1°F |
| 8 | YukonCanada | Canada | 2.19% | 9.93 | 49.2% | 24.2°F |
| 9 | British ColumbiaCanada | Canada | 2.14% | 2.40 | 70.4% | 36.8°F |
| 10 | AlabamaU.S. | U.S. | 2.13% | 1.98 | 70.6% | 65.5°F |
| 11 | MichiganU.S. | U.S. | 2.06% | 2.24 | 55.6% | 45.7°F |
| 12 | KentuckyU.S. | U.S. | 1.97% | 2.56 | 49.4% | 56.0°F |
| 13 | WyomingU.S. | U.S. | 1.94% | 4.76 | 18.4% | 44.3°F |
| 14 | New HampshireU.S. | U.S. | 1.93% | 1.20 | 84.3% | 46.9°F |
| 15 | VermontU.S. | U.S. | 1.88% | 1.71 | 77.8% | 42.5°F |
| 16 | GeorgiaU.S. | U.S. | 1.86% | 1.30 | 67.3% | 67.0°F |
| 17 | OhioU.S. | U.S. | 1.86% | 2.82 | 30.9% | 52.0°F |
| 18 | New BrunswickCanada | Canada | 1.85% | 0.91 | 89.7% | 41.8°F |
| 19 | MissouriU.S. | U.S. | 1.80% | 2.68 | 35.2% | 56.5°F |
| 20 | WisconsinU.S. | U.S. | 1.74% | 1.84 | 49.0% | 46.1°F |
| 21 | South CarolinaU.S. | U.S. | 1.73% | 1.11 | 68.2% | 64.4°F |
| 22 | OklahomaU.S. | U.S. | 1.70% | 2.74 | 28.8% | 62.2°F |
| 23 | Nova ScotiaCanada | Canada | 1.66% | 0.27 | 85.5% | 45.4°F |
| 24 | TennesseeU.S. | U.S. | 1.66% | 1.53 | 52.8% | 60.0°F |
| 25 | ManitobaCanada | Canada | 1.64% | 2.04 | 49.6% | 30.9°F |
| 26 | FloridaU.S. | U.S. | 1.64% | 1.48 | 50.7% | 74.6°F |
| 27 | VirginiaU.S. | U.S. | 1.62% | 1.02 | 62.9% | 57.6°F |
| 28 | PennsylvaniaU.S. | U.S. | 1.59% | 1.01 | 58.6% | 49.7°F |
| 29 | MississippiU.S. | U.S. | 1.58% | 0.91 | 65.1% | 65.1°F |
| 30 | North CarolinaU.S. | U.S. | 1.57% | 0.98 | 59.7% | 60.8°F |
| 31 | UtahU.S. | U.S. | 1.56% | 2.09 | 34.5% | 41.8°F |
| 32 | ColoradoU.S. | U.S. | 1.53% | 2.20 | 34.4% | 37.3°F |
| 33 | New YorkU.S. | U.S. | 1.53% | 0.61 | 62.9% | 42.1°F |
| 34 | OntarioCanada | Canada | 1.51% | 0.42 | 71.9% | 34.9°F |
| 35 | LouisianaU.S. | U.S. | 1.47% | 1.00 | 53.2% | 67.8°F |
| 36 | AlaskaU.S. | U.S. | 1.47% | 2.98 | 35.2% | 27.2°F |
| 37 | New MexicoU.S. | U.S. | 1.43% | 2.07 | 32.0% | 57.9°F |
| 38 | MassachusettsU.S. | U.S. | 1.42% | 0.55 | 60.6% | 50.2°F |
| 39 | IllinoisU.S. | U.S. | 1.40% | 2.40 | 13.6% | 52.7°F |
| 40 | ConnecticutU.S. | U.S. | 1.37% | 0.79 | 55.2% | 51.0°F |
| 41 | AlbertaCanada | Canada | 1.36% | 0.84 | 55.4% | 37.1°F |
| 42 | MinnesotaU.S. | U.S. | 1.31% | 1.39 | 34.1% | 42.1°F |
| 43 | HawaiiU.S. | U.S. | 1.27% | 0.00 | 42.5% | 70.3°F |
| 44 | IowaU.S. | U.S. | 1.26% | 2.44 | 8.4% | 50.0°F |
| 45 | CaliforniaU.S. | U.S. | 1.24% | 1.20 | 32.7% | 59.3°F |
| 46 | New JerseyU.S. | U.S. | 1.22% | 0.83 | 41.7% | 55.0°F |
| 47 | Rhode IslandU.S. | U.S. | 1.21% | 0.45 | 54.4% | 52.6°F |
| 48 | TexasU.S. | U.S. | 1.17% | 0.83 | 37.3% | 66.1°F |
| 49 | QuebecCanada | Canada | 1.07% | 0.04 | 59.9% | 26.6°F |
| 50 | SaskatchewanCanada | Canada | 1.07% | 0.55 | 44.5% | 36.2°F |
| 51 | ArizonaU.S. | U.S. | 1.06% | 1.13 | 25.6% | 62.3°F |
| 52 | Prince Edward IslandCanada | Canada | 1.05% | 0.00 | 47.7% | 44.4°F |
| 53 | MarylandU.S. | U.S. | 1.04% | 0.56 | 39.4% | 56.9°F |
| 54 | IndianaU.S. | U.S. | 1.03% | 1.18 | 21.1% | 52.4°F |
| 55 | Newfoundland and LabradorCanada | Canada | 0.93% | 0.00 | 53.3% | 32.8°F |
| 56 | South DakotaU.S. | U.S. | 0.89% | 2.25 | 3.9% | 49.7°F |
| 57 | KansasU.S. | U.S. | 0.87% | 1.71 | 4.8% | 56.1°F |
| 58 | DelawareU.S. | U.S. | 0.74% | 0.47 | 27.3% | 57.2°F |
| 59 | Northwest TerritoriesCanada | Canada | 0.74% | 0.00 | 38.5% | 19.0°F |
| 60 | NevadaU.S. | U.S. | 0.52% | 0.27 | 15.9% | 47.8°F |
| 61 | NebraskaU.S. | U.S. | 0.52% | 0.89 | 3.2% | 51.1°F |
| 62 | North DakotaU.S. | U.S. | 0.41% | 0.75 | 1.7% | 43.9°F |
| 63 | NunavutCanada | Canada | 0.06% | 0.00 | 0.4% | 8.1°F |
Washington tops the unified ranking at 4.61% implied spotting odds, supported by 9.17 reports per 100,000 residents. It leads despite the adjustment for report sample size.
West Virginia ranks second at 3.79%, followed by Oregon at 3.38%. Idaho places fourth at 2.78%.
Yukon is Canada's highest-ranked jurisdiction at No. 8 (2.19%), narrowly ahead of British Columbia at No. 9 (2.14%). Yukon's small number of indexed reports is penalised in the model, but its per-capita rate remains unusually high.
Important: Implied spotting odds represent each location’s relative share of our weighted index, not measured encounter probabilities. A minimum score can produce a positive share where no BFRO reports are indexed.
03 / U.S. metro-area deep dive
Explore all 161 qualifying U.S. metro areas, recalculated independently using the same weights and a small-sample adjustment. Search by city, filter by state or switch views.
161 qualifying U.S. metro areas · independently calculated
| 1 | Grants PassOR | OR | 1.96% | 23.90 | 60.6% | 52.3°F |
| 2 | FlagstaffAZ | AZ | 1.88% | 23.55 | 23.4% | 54.5°F |
| 3 | Glens FallsNY | NY | 1.76% | 19.30 | 68.5% | 46.4°F |
| 4 | LongviewWA | WA | 1.71% | 19.15 | 62.5% | 50.7°F |
| 5 | WenatcheeWA | WA | 1.62% | 21.03 | 28.7% | 46.0°F |
| 6 | ReddingCA | CA | 1.62% | 16.52 | 53.7% | 56.7°F |
| 7 | Walla WallaWA | WA | 1.30% | 22.45 | 3.2% | 53.2°F |
| 8 | WeirtonWV | WV | 1.25% | 12.45 | 65.3% | 52.4°F |
| 9 | HuntingtonWV | WV | 1.17% | 6.83 | 79.8% | 56.5°F |
| 10 | PittsfieldMA | MA | 1.14% | 10.14 | 73.5% | 47.2°F |
| 11 | Mount VernonWA | WA | 1.12% | 10.53 | 65.5% | 46.8°F |
| 12 | BellinghamWA | WA | 1.07% | 8.88 | 60.8% | 45.5°F |
| 13 | Traverse CityMI | MI | 1.03% | 10.83 | 45.6% | 46.3°F |
| 14 | YakimaWA | WA | 0.99% | 10.42 | 29.9% | 47.6°F |
| 15 | BeckleyWV | WV | 0.99% | 6.37 | 83.1% | 53.5°F |
| 16 | MissoulaMT | MT | 0.99% | 8.55 | 70.2% | 42.7°F |
| 17 | LongviewTX | TX | 0.97% | 7.40 | 42.5% | 66.4°F |
| 18 | AlexandriaLA | LA | 0.97% | 8.79 | 44.7% | 67.6°F |
| 19 | PortlandOR | OR | 0.95% | 4.88 | 58.2% | 50.1°F |
| 20 | SeattleWA | WA | 0.94% | 4.59 | 60.5% | 48.0°F |
| 21 | JohnstownPA | PA | 0.93% | 6.98 | 70.7% | 49.0°F |
| 22 | EugeneOR | OR | 0.92% | 4.46 | 73.9% | 50.9°F |
| 23 | DuluthMN | MN | 0.92% | 8.89 | 41.1% | 39.8°F |
| 24 | TexarkanaTX | TX | 0.89% | 8.85 | 30.9% | 65.1°F |
| 25 | OlympiaWA | WA | 0.88% | 6.90 | 45.4% | 51.7°F |
| 26 | BloomingtonIN | IN | 0.85% | 5.45 | 63.3% | 54.3°F |
| 27 | BremertonWA | WA | 0.83% | 5.65 | 51.3% | 52.5°F |
| 28 | HelenaMT | MT | 0.82% | 10.29 | 40.0% | 42.3°F |
| 29 | WheelingWV | WV | 0.81% | 5.22 | 64.1% | 52.9°F |
| 30 | BlacksburgVA | VA | 0.80% | 4.40 | 64.2% | 54.0°F |
| 31 | MedfordOR | OR | 0.79% | 4.51 | 60.4% | 51.5°F |
| 32 | RoanokeVA | VA | 0.78% | 2.53 | 68.7% | 56.3°F |
| 33 | AshevilleNC | NC | 0.78% | 2.13 | 70.4% | 55.8°F |
| 34 | ClevelandTN | TN | 0.78% | 3.73 | 63.7% | 60.2°F |
| 35 | BirminghamAL | AL | 0.77% | 1.67 | 60.5% | 63.7°F |
| 36 | HarrisonburgVA | VA | 0.76% | 4.99 | 57.2% | 54.5°F |
| 37 | GainesvilleFL | FL | 0.76% | 5.29 | 36.4% | 71.2°F |
| 38 | OcalaFL | FL | 0.75% | 4.29 | 43.2% | 72.1°F |
| 39 | AlbanyOR | OR | 0.73% | 5.27 | 55.5% | 50.2°F |
| 40 | BendOR | OR | 0.73% | 7.13 | 27.6% | 46.7°F |
| 41 | ChattanoogaTN | TN | 0.72% | 1.35 | 63.5% | 60.4°F |
| 42 | Santa CruzCA | CA | 0.72% | 1.93 | 64.7% | 58.5°F |
| 43 | Cape GirardeauMO | MO | 0.70% | 6.05 | 43.1% | 58.0°F |
| 44 | HickoryNC | NC | 0.70% | 1.59 | 61.6% | 59.0°F |
| 45 | SpokaneWA | WA | 0.70% | 3.95 | 46.2% | 47.0°F |
| 46 | KingsportTN | TN | 0.70% | 2.22 | 59.1% | 56.9°F |
| 47 | TuscaloosaAL | AL | 0.70% | 2.48 | 50.6% | 64.8°F |
| 48 | KnoxvilleTN | TN | 0.69% | 1.24 | 59.8% | 58.6°F |
| 49 | AkronOH | OH | 0.69% | 4.42 | 34.1% | 52.0°F |
| 50 | SalemOR | OR | 0.67% | 4.04 | 40.2% | 51.6°F |
| 51 | DurhamNC | NC | 0.67% | 0.80 | 59.2% | 60.5°F |
| 52 | Fort SmithAR | AR | 0.66% | 2.14 | 52.3% | 62.0°F |
| 53 | CantonOH | OH | 0.66% | 4.25 | 37.5% | 52.2°F |
| 54 | Coeur d'AleneID | ID | 0.66% | 3.13 | 59.9% | 46.9°F |
| 55 | NashvilleTN | TN | 0.66% | 1.18 | 51.5% | 60.1°F |
| 56 | AtlantaGA | GA | 0.65% | 0.60 | 52.9% | 62.8°F |
| 57 | FayettevilleAR | AR | 0.65% | 1.45 | 53.8% | 58.9°F |
| 58 | ClarksvilleTN | TN | 0.65% | 1.72 | 53.2% | 59.7°F |
| 59 | PittsburghPA | PA | 0.65% | 1.16 | 57.5% | 51.9°F |
| 60 | CrestviewFL | FL | 0.65% | 2.86 | 42.6% | 68.7°F |
| 61 | Little RockAR | AR | 0.64% | 1.93 | 42.5% | 62.7°F |
| 62 | HinesvilleGA | GA | 0.63% | 5.44 | 34.2% | 68.3°F |
| 63 | Winston-SalemNC | NC | 0.62% | 0.98 | 52.7% | 59.4°F |
| 64 | GettysburgPA | PA | 0.62% | 5.58 | 36.4% | 54.0°F |
| 65 | ChicoCA | CA | 0.61% | 3.35 | 37.5% | 61.4°F |
| 66 | HagerstownMD | MD | 0.61% | 1.59 | 53.4% | 54.7°F |
| 67 | VisaliaCA | CA | 0.60% | 4.12 | 24.5% | 55.8°F |
| 68 | WorcesterMA | MA | 0.60% | 0.68 | 59.3% | 49.7°F |
| 69 | TallahasseeFL | FL | 0.59% | 1.76 | 43.4% | 69.4°F |
| 70 | St. LouisMO | MO | 0.59% | 2.24 | 32.2% | 56.5°F |
| 71 | DecaturAL | AL | 0.59% | 3.12 | 37.9% | 61.9°F |
| 72 | TylerTX | TX | 0.59% | 3.17 | 31.9% | 66.3°F |
| 73 | LouisvilleKY | KY | 0.59% | 1.28 | 44.8% | 56.9°F |
| 74 | PortlandME | ME | 0.59% | 1.04 | 58.5% | 47.1°F |
| 75 | CincinnatiOH | OH | 0.58% | 1.21 | 44.9% | 55.3°F |
| 76 | Kiryas JoelNY | NY | 0.58% | 0.97 | 53.6% | 51.2°F |
| 77 | JacksonvilleFL | FL | 0.58% | 1.79 | 34.6% | 70.8°F |
| 78 | JacksonvilleNC | NC | 0.56% | 2.76 | 32.5% | 63.7°F |
| 79 | FairbanksAK | AK | 0.56% | 5.32 | 55.2% | 27.6°F |
| 80 | PaducahKY | KY | 0.55% | 4.89 | 27.4% | 59.3°F |
| 81 | ColumbiaMO | MO | 0.55% | 3.20 | 33.5% | 56.1°F |
| 82 | SacramentoCA | CA | 0.54% | 1.33 | 35.0% | 58.3°F |
| 83 | SpringfieldIL | IL | 0.54% | 6.31 | 8.1% | 54.1°F |
| 84 | AllentownPA | PA | 0.54% | 0.79 | 48.5% | 51.6°F |
| 85 | Panama CityFL | FL | 0.54% | 3.03 | 29.4% | 69.4°F |
| 86 | YoungstownOH | OH | 0.53% | 2.83 | 33.8% | 51.1°F |
| 87 | BridgeportCT | CT | 0.53% | 0.51 | 49.2% | 51.0°F |
| 88 | NaplesFL | FL | 0.53% | 5.27 | 5.9% | 76.4°F |
| 89 | WashingtonDC | DC | 0.53% | 0.34 | 43.1% | 56.8°F |
| 90 | La CrosseWI | WI | 0.52% | 2.92 | 42.9% | 46.8°F |
| 91 | OgdenUT | UT | 0.52% | 2.53 | 34.8% | 47.6°F |
| 92 | WildwoodFL | FL | 0.52% | 5.07 | 18.4% | 73.0°F |
| 93 | Santa RosaCA | CA | 0.52% | 1.03 | 39.8% | 58.1°F |
| 94 | DubuqueIA | IA | 0.52% | 7.04 | 17.5% | 48.6°F |
| 95 | EriePA | PA | 0.52% | 1.88 | 43.5% | 49.6°F |
| 96 | SpringfieldMO | MO | 0.51% | 1.00 | 39.8% | 57.2°F |
| 97 | ClevelandOH | OH | 0.51% | 1.57 | 33.3% | 51.5°F |
| 98 | DeltonaFL | FL | 0.51% | 2.14 | 27.1% | 73.0°F |
| 99 | Fort CollinsCO | CO | 0.50% | 2.12 | 43.4% | 43.6°F |
| 100 | PeoriaIL | IL | 0.50% | 4.40 | 13.1% | 52.8°F |
| 101 | PensacolaFL | FL | 0.49% | 1.28 | 31.2% | 68.6°F |
| 102 | Homosassa SpringsFL | FL | 0.49% | 2.91 | 29.3% | 72.5°F |
| 103 | ProvidenceRI | RI | 0.49% | 0.41 | 43.0% | 52.1°F |
| 104 | LoganUT | UT | 0.49% | 3.73 | 34.6% | 45.2°F |
| 105 | Prescott ValleyAZ | AZ | 0.48% | 3.56 | 16.2% | 61.1°F |
| 106 | ShermanTX | TX | 0.48% | 3.25 | 19.9% | 65.2°F |
| 107 | FarmingtonNM | NM | 0.48% | 6.65 | 7.0% | 53.3°F |
| 108 | TulsaOK | OK | 0.48% | 0.75 | 31.3% | 60.9°F |
| 109 | CharlestonSC | SC | 0.47% | 0.67 | 29.9% | 66.7°F |
| 110 | HuntsvilleAL | AL | 0.47% | 1.26 | 27.4% | 61.8°F |
| 111 | SyracuseNY | NY | 0.47% | 0.77 | 42.5% | 47.7°F |
| 112 | BaltimoreMD | MD | 0.46% | 0.77 | 30.9% | 56.5°F |
| 113 | FresnoCA | CA | 0.46% | 1.75 | 22.3% | 57.3°F |
| 114 | BostonMA | MA | 0.46% | 0.22 | 40.3% | 50.6°F |
| 115 | ColumbusOH | OH | 0.46% | 1.34 | 27.3% | 53.3°F |
| 116 | MemphisTN | TN | 0.45% | 0.75 | 25.4% | 62.7°F |
| 117 | AustinTX | TX | 0.43% | 0.19 | 28.8% | 69.6°F |
| 118 | New York CityNY | NY | 0.43% | 0.28 | 31.4% | 54.0°F |
| 119 | Oklahoma CityOK | OK | 0.42% | 0.93 | 20.2% | 61.9°F |
| 120 | TopekaKS | KS | 0.41% | 3.43 | 12.9% | 55.9°F |
| 121 | PhiladelphiaPA | PA | 0.41% | 0.44 | 26.2% | 55.7°F |
| 122 | Virginia BeachVA | VA | 0.41% | 0.33 | 23.4% | 61.2°F |
| 123 | Rapid CitySD | SD | 0.40% | 4.46 | 15.6% | 47.0°F |
| 124 | Colorado SpringsCO | CO | 0.40% | 2.05 | 21.7% | 47.7°F |
| 125 | Kansas CityMO | MO | 0.40% | 1.37 | 16.7% | 56.0°F |
| 126 | RochesterNY | NY | 0.39% | 0.95 | 27.5% | 49.2°F |
| 127 | Baton RougeLA | LA | 0.38% | 0.56 | 19.2% | 69.2°F |
| 128 | San AntonioTX | TX | 0.37% | 0.25 | 20.6% | 70.5°F |
| 129 | Ann ArborMI | MI | 0.36% | 1.89 | 19.5% | 49.9°F |
| 130 | HoustonTX | TX | 0.36% | 0.43 | 16.4% | 71.1°F |
| 131 | OrlandoFL | FL | 0.35% | 1.42 | 8.9% | 74.0°F |
| 132 | SpringfieldOH | OH | 0.35% | 3.69 | 10.3% | 53.3°F |
| 133 | LakelandFL | FL | 0.35% | 2.06 | 6.7% | 74.4°F |
| 134 | Grand RapidsMI | MI | 0.35% | 1.10 | 20.4% | 49.0°F |
| 135 | ProvoUT | UT | 0.35% | 0.91 | 22.1% | 50.3°F |
| 136 | DallasTX | TX | 0.35% | 0.31 | 11.9% | 66.6°F |
| 137 | MonroeMI | MI | 0.34% | 3.21 | 11.5% | 52.0°F |
| 138 | BakersfieldCA | CA | 0.34% | 1.29 | 5.5% | 63.3°F |
| 139 | DaytonOH | OH | 0.34% | 1.45 | 12.1% | 54.1°F |
| 140 | TampaFL | FL | 0.33% | 0.67 | 13.9% | 74.0°F |
| 141 | IndianapolisIN | IN | 0.33% | 0.59 | 17.0% | 53.5°F |
| 142 | DenverCO | CO | 0.33% | 0.65 | 22.2% | 46.0°F |
| 143 | Des MoinesIA | IA | 0.32% | 1.71 | 10.0% | 50.8°F |
| 144 | MadisonWI | WI | 0.31% | 0.99 | 18.3% | 48.1°F |
| 145 | North PortFL | FL | 0.30% | 1.37 | 6.2% | 74.3°F |
| 146 | Punta GordaFL | FL | 0.30% | 2.76 | 3.8% | 75.2°F |
| 147 | DetroitMI | MI | 0.30% | 0.18 | 19.1% | 50.2°F |
| 148 | San DiegoCA | CA | 0.29% | 0.34 | 3.5% | 64.1°F |
| 149 | Los AngelesCA | CA | 0.28% | 0.16 | 4.8% | 63.3°F |
| 150 | Palm BayFL | FL | 0.27% | 1.05 | 5.7% | 74.0°F |
| 151 | DavenportIA | IA | 0.27% | 1.31 | 9.4% | 51.5°F |
| 152 | RiversideCA | CA | 0.27% | 0.46 | 1.6% | 68.4°F |
| 153 | WichitaKS | KS | 0.27% | 0.90 | 3.8% | 58.2°F |
| 154 | MilwaukeeWI | WI | 0.26% | 0.76 | 11.7% | 47.8°F |
| 155 | MinneapolisMN | MN | 0.25% | 0.13 | 16.5% | 45.6°F |
| 156 | Boise CityID | ID | 0.25% | 0.69 | 11.2% | 48.6°F |
| 157 | ChicagoIL | IL | 0.24% | 0.41 | 7.4% | 51.0°F |
| 158 | Cape CoralFL | FL | 0.24% | 1.03 | 1.6% | 75.9°F |
| 159 | OmahaNE | NE | 0.23% | 0.69 | 5.4% | 51.8°F |
| 160 | PhoenixAZ | AZ | 0.22% | 0.11 | 0.6% | 71.5°F |
| 161 | MiamiFL | FL | 0.20% | 0.38 | 0.3% | 77.0°F |
Grants Pass leads the 161 qualifying metros with 1.96% implied spotting odds and 23.90 published reports per 100,000 residents.
Flagstaff ranks second at 1.88%, with 23.55 reports per 100,000 residents. The new adjustment gives weight to sample size as well as reporting rates.
Glens Falls ranks third at 1.76%, with 19.30 reports per 100,000 residents. It led the previous metro methodology but moves to third under the revised model.
City-level data: Canadian cities are excluded because the available records do not consistently identify locations at a comparable geographic detail. U.S. metro figures come from an independently calculated sample and must not be compared directly with the state/provincial index shares.
04 / Research methodology
The ranking is an entertainment-focused comparison of unverified historical reports and environmental characteristics, not evidence of Bigfoot or a forecast of encounters.
The unified ranking includes all 50 U.S. states and 13 Canadian provinces and territories. A separate ranking covers 161 U.S. metro areas with at least five indexed historical reports. Canadian metro locations were excluded because available published reports do not consistently identify Canadian cities at a comparable level.
We calculated historical Bigfoot reports per 100,000 residents using records from the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization (BFRO) and population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau (2025) and Statistics Canada (2026). To reduce the influence of locations with fewer reports, we multiplied each rate by n/(n + 10), where n is the number of indexed reports. The public tables show reporting rates, not raw report totals.
Forest coverage is expressed as a percentage of land area. For states and provinces, climate is the share of days from 2016–2025 when daily mean temperature was at least 60°F but below 70°F, measured at one reference coordinate. For U.S. metro areas, the available input is annual average temperature; proximity to 65°F is used as a separate illustrative climate proxy. Different forest inventories and climate measures are limitations.
We independently scaled the adjusted reporting rate, forest coverage and climate metric from 1 to 100 within each ranking group using min–max normalisation. We then calculated a weighted score using 65% reporting, 25% forest coverage and 10% climate. Each location’s implied spotting odds are its weighted score divided by the sum of scores in its ranking group, multiplied by 100. The one-point minimum means locations with no indexed reports can still receive a positive implied-odds share. These are relative index shares, not observed probabilities of encountering Bigfoot.
The study uses a frozen October 2026 compilation of BFRO reports, U.S. Census and Statistics Canada population estimates, published forest inventories and NASA POWER temperature data. BFRO records are unverified reports and may include sounds or other indirect claims, rather than visual sightings. Coverage bias, small samples, inventory differences, climate reference locations and model choices affect the results. Metro shares cannot be compared directly with state/province shares. Figures are model-derived for entertainment and are not sportsbook prices or measured encounter probabilities.
For a detailed breakdown of the rankings, underlying data and calculations, view our full research dataset.